1. Van Mater H. Pediatric inflammatory brain diseases: a diagnostic approach.
Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014;26:553-561.
2. Tillema JM. Imaging of central nervous system demyelinating disorders.
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023;29:292-323.
3. Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis.
Lancet 2008;372:1502-1517.
4. Akaishi T, Nakashima I, Takeshita T, Kaneko K, Mugikura S, Sato DK, et al. Different etiologies and prognoses of optic neuritis in demyelinating diseases.
J Neuroimmunol 2016;299:152-157.
5. Ramanathan S, Prelog K, Barnes EH, Tantsis EM, Reddel SW, Henderson AP, et al. Radiological differentiation of optic neuritis with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies, aquaporin-4 antibodies, and multiple sclerosis.
Mult Scler 2016;22:470-482.
6. Filippi M, Rocca MA. Magnetization transfer magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve.
Neurotherapeutics 2007;4:401-413.
7. Hickman SJ, Toosy AT, Jones SJ, Altmann DR, Miszkiel KA, MacManus DG, et al. Serial magnetization transfer imaging in acute optic neuritis.
Brain 2004;127:692-700.
8. Cortese R, Prados Carrasco F, Tur C, Bianchi A, Brownlee W, De Angelis F, et al. Differentiating multiple sclerosis from AQP4-neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and MOG-antibody disease with imaging.
Neurology 2023;100:e308-e323.
9. Petzold A, de Boer JF, Schippling S, Vermersch P, Kardon R, Green A, et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Lancet Neurol 2010;9:921-932.
10. Chen JJ, Sotirchos ES, Henderson AD, Vasileiou ES, Flanagan EP, Bhatti MT, et al. OCT retinal nerve fiber layer thickness differentiates acute optic neuritis from MOG antibody-associated disease and multiple sclerosis: RNFL thickening in acute optic neuritis from MOGAD vs MS.
Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022;58:103525.
12. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, Carroll WM, Coetzee T, Comi G, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria.
Lancet Neurol 2018;17:162-173.
13. Hemond CC, Bakshi R. Magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018;8:a028969.
14. Sechi E, Cacciaguerra L, Chen JJ, Mariotto S, Fadda G, Dinoto A, et al. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): a review of clinical and MRI features, diagnosis, and management.
Front Neurol 2022;13:885218.
16. Kim HJ, Paul F, Lana-Peixoto MA, Tenembaum S, Asgari N, Palace J, et al. MRI characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: an international update.
Neurology 2015;84:1165-1173.
17. Banwell B, Bennett JL, Marignier R, Kim HJ, Brilot F, Flanagan EP, et al. Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria.
Lancet Neurol 2023;22:268-282.
18. Jurynczyk M, Tackley G, Kong Y, Geraldes R, Matthews L, Woodhall M, et al. Brain lesion distribution criteria distinguish MS from AQP4-antibody NMOSD and MOG-antibody disease.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2017;88:132-136.
20. Cagol A, Cortese R, Barakovic M, Schaedelin S, Ruberte E, Absinta M, et al. Diagnostic performance of cortical lesions and the central vein sign in multiple sclerosis.
JAMA Neurol 2024;81:143-153.
22. Matsumoto Y, Misu T, Mugikura S, Takai Y, Nishiyama S, Kuroda H, et al. Distinctive lesions of brain MRI between MOG-antibody-associated and AQP4-antibody-associated diseases.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2021;92:682-684.
23. Sechi E, Krecke KN, Messina SA, Buciuc M, Pittock SJ, Chen JJ, et al. Comparison of MRI lesion evolution in different central nervous system demyelinating disorders.
Neurology 2021;97:e1097-e1109.
24. Hardy TA. Spinal cord anatomy and localization.
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2021;27:12-29.
25. Hyun JW, Kim SH, Jeong IH, Lee SH, Kim HJ. Bright spotty lesions on the spinal cord: an additional MRI indicator of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder?
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015;86:1280-1282.
26. Hyun JW, Lee HL, Park J, Kim J, Min JH, Kim BJ, et al. Brighter spotty lesions on spinal MRI help differentiate AQP4 antibody-positive NMOSD from MOGAD.
Mult Scler 2022;28:989-992.
27. Dubey D, Pittock SJ, Krecke KN, Morris PP, Sechi E, Zalewski NL, et al. Clinical, radiologic, and prognostic features of myelitis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibody.
JAMA Neurol 2019;76:301-309.
28. Mariano R, Messina S, Roca-Fernandez A, Leite MI, Kong Y, Palace JA. Quantitative spinal cord MRI in MOG-antibody disease, neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis.
Brain 2021;144:198-212.
29. Casserly C, Seyman EE, Alcaide-Leon P, Guenette M, Lyons C, Sankar S, et al. Spinal cord atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
J Neuroimaging 2018;28:556-586.
30. Tobin WO, Guo Y, Krecke KN, Parisi JE, Lucchinetti CF, Pittock SJ, et al. Diagnostic criteria for chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement respon-sive to steroids (CLIPPERS).
Brain 2017;140:2415-2425.
31. Kunchok A, Zekeridou A, McKeon A. Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy.
Curr Opin Neurol 2019;32:452-458.
32. Uygunoglu U, Zeydan B, Ozguler Y, Ugurlu S, Seyahi E, Kocer N, et al. Myelopathy in Behçet’s disease: the bagel sign.
Ann Neurol 2017;82:288-298.